Musculo-skeletal Injuries

Choose a location: shoulder, knee, elbow, hip or ankle.  Choose an injury: torn ligament (be specific), dislocation, or fracture.

Now the work begins:

• What is the impact of the injury on function?  What normal movement(s) is(are) impaired?
• What bones/muscles are involved? (Be specific.)
• How is the injury caused?  What action was required for the injury to occur?
• What is done immediately to treat it?
• What physical therapy is required?  How long before normal functionality is attained?

When a shoulder is dislocated it can no longer produce movement, the joint isn't stabilized, and it is more difficult to  maintain posture. The bones involved are the scapula and the humerus. When this happens the Humerus is no longer in the Glenoid Fossa of the scapula. Some ways to cause this could be a fall, or the arm was pulled on too hard. To treat it the doctors usually give the patients pain killers and then lift the arm so it abducts and then medially to pop it back in place. It is usually very easy but quite painful. The patient is then recommended to limit its use and wear it in a sling for a shot period of time. Usually no physical Therapy is required.  

relocating a shoulder

If the problem is much worse, sometimes more extreme measures are taken. To learn about this type of shoulder injury go to : http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/dislocated-shoulder/DS00597/DSECTION=symptoms.

http://img.medscape.com/pi/features/slideshow-slide/ue-disloc/fig6.jpg
http://www.stayfitbug.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/shdlrdisl.JPG
http://www.orthopaedicdoctor.com.sg/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Shoulder_dislocation.jpg

Write-Away Friday

1. What tasks have you completed recently?

I have about 8 pecan trees in my back yard. Saturday morning in the chill air, the tree shakers came and shook all the trees and left piles of branches, leaves, and pecan nuts. Throughout the day my brother, mom, dad, and I sorted though these piles to get the prize possession ( Pecan nuts) to take to the shelling place in time to get them back as a present for my extended relatives. I think we picked up 200 pounds of the nuts. This was about 3 bag fulls. and I mean big sacks full to the top of pecans.  

  
2. What have you learned recently? 

Recently I have learned how muscles contract. So far I am still a little bit confused about this but, as my group and I do the claymation things are slowly but surely becoming clearer. The funny thing is as I am moving around I think about my muscles contracting and which ones do what. I sometimes when I am bored sit there raising my eyebrows, thinking about the frontalis. As Taylor would say "Anatomy Problems". Lol. Some other things that I have learned is the basics of the gas laws. I think my favorite thing is cover your P with DRT. I just think that that is the funniest thing. FYI this is an equation to find molar mass. I have learned a lot more but that is probably my favorite thing.
3. What are you planning on doing next?

Next I plan to get through the week with Finals, E.O.C's and the Musical beauty and the Beast Starting. I can not wait for Christmas Break. Hallelujah!!!! Ok well I got to go prep  a little more for the E.O.C tomorrow so bye:). 

http://www.treehugger.com/corporate-responsibility/organic-pecans-shake-up-the-agriculture-world.html

Write-Away Friday: Thanks Giving

This past week  I have thought a lot about Thanksgiving. If you look at the word it is literally split into two words, Thanks and Giving. The first part I would like to talk about is something I heard from my Aunt Sharon. She told me something that she heard from the Preacher or Minister which was “What if you woke up tomorrow and the only thing that you had was the things you were thankful for?” This made me think about the things I have. I have so much and I don’t even take anytime to appreciate them. I don’t thank my Heavenly Father for the things that he has given me and I think mainly about the things that I do want. So the first part is noticing the things in your life that are good things to have and having an attitude of gratitude for them. The second part is Giving. My sister has been serving a mission for my church in Cape Verde. She sees people who don’t have much but are always willing to give. In this weeks letter she wrote: “Well, this family is darn poor, but they ALWAYS ALWAYS ALWAYS want to feed us. Every night, Patricia tells us the “special” of the night. Well, after we took Bruna home after our appointments, Patricia handed us a container FULL of food (rice and fish meal). WHAT THE DUMB. The people here are just so humble and great. I love it. Also, I am gonna get nice and Gordo here.” For some reason through the week this stuck with me. I have seen people around me and even sometimes I find myself money grubbing. Why is it that when we have so much are so ungrateful and unwilling to share there are people with nothing sharing all that they have? i don’t know why I felt like writing about this but it is something I want to work on so that I can be more grateful and happy about the things I do have. And I wanted to share a little bit of the things I have been up to this past week. Yesterday I had the opportunity to go to Cloud croft with my family. We got Christmas trees. And I don’t mean tree I mean Trees. We got FIVE trees. One for my house, one for Heidi’s house, one for Rhett’s house, one for Megan’s house, and one for my Grandmother’s house. It took sometime but we were able to find some and have an epic snowball fight!!!  So that has been my Thanksgiving and below is a picture of my Nephew Jarom’s hand and my Niece Lexia and me at Thanksgiving Breakfast.

  

Skeletal Extra Credit Blog

In "Egil's Bones" by Jesse L. Byock, Egil is "deaf, often lost his balance, went blind, endured headaches,[and  had] unusual disfigurements of his skull and facial features" The anatomy and physiology of the bones that produced these symptoms are centered on the bone cells due to Pagets disease. In Paget's disease the Osteoblasts (the building cells) continually put down new matrix and bone material, yet the osteoclasts (the destroying cells) aren't working to help make room for new bone. This causes the bone to continually thicken and get bigger in ways that are not normal or healthy. This uncontrollable bone growth is the cause of Egil's disfigurements because his bone is regulated by the osteoclasts and osteoblasts and one of them was not working properly as a team. These disfigurements left the bones shaped unusually and caused a loss of weight balance due to unusual and uneven bone mass and unsound structure.  Also because the new bone isn't growing and shaping the right way we see a lot of Egil's problems especially in the skull area. Literally the bones in his skull grew to big to allow other parts of the body to function. For example the eyes in their sockets become crushed as well as the nerves of the eyes that help you see. Without the proper connections and room the eyes loose vision and that is why Egil became blind. The same type of thing occurs with the ears. The loose of hearing comes from the bones crushing the inner ear that allows for hearing. And from here you could probably guess why he had headaches, but you'd probably be wrong. You might think comes from the skull crushing the brain, it actually comes from the vertebrae crushing the spinal chord that brings nerves from the body to the brain. So in these few ways of hearing loss, blindness, headaches, and unusual disfigurements Egil's problems could be explained by Paget's Disease.


http://www.viking.ucla.edu/Scientific_American/images/scan1.jpg
http://www.veterans.gc.ca/eng/services/disability-benefits/benefits-determined/entitlement-eligibility-guidelines/pagets
http://my.clevelandclinic.org/orthopaedics-rheumatology/diseases-conditions/hic-pagets-disease.aspx

Write-Away Friday: Run or Dye

1. What tasks have you completed recently?  
This morning I ran a 5K in El Paso called Run or Dye with my two sisters, Hannah and Heidi, and my brother in law Sam. We were able to keep a good pace and we completed it in about half an hour including all the pictures and what not. At the very end it was pretty neat because there was a bunch of people at the end screaming "way to go" "good job" or just "Woohoo". We ran down the rows and gave a lot of people high fives, it was pretty neat. I really had a lot of fun and I momentarily felt like a celebrity. And after that we all got in a big group and were dancing and shouting and music was playing and then on cue we all threw a hand full or more of dye in the air. It was crazy and mostly hard to breath but it looked cool and was a great experience.
2. What have you learned recently? 
On Friday I was telling people I was going to a run or dye event the next day. It took some people awhile to realized I meant DYE in stead of DIE. They thought that I was just some super athletic person or something. This really taught me a lesson about perception and what people mean when they say something. A lot of times we compare ourselves to what people say about themselves and we think "wow they do this or that and I am not even close to doing it" while in reality things aren't as hard as they seem or made out to be different then they really are. You can never truly know how it is for someone else because you are not them and you were not there. Therefore, don't compare yourself to others because the person you compare yourself is based on your perception and isn't how it is.
3. What are you planning on doing next?
Next I plan on doing tons of homework because there is a lot of information that I need to learn about history, the bones, Pre-Calculus, and a little bit this weekend in Chemistry. Also I plan on working on my Orchestra playing test.

Skeletal System Blog

How does the Integumentary System and Skeletal System work together to help the body perform its function?

In the body the bones support and anchor soft organs. Which means essentially bones hold things up. For example the Sphenoid bone in the Skull is under the brain and literally supports its weight and holds things up. Similarly, the skin is support, but instead of holding things up, it holds things in. It creates a barrier from both sides. Both holding things up and holding things in is required to stand, walk, and move. Another function of the body is to allow the organs to do what they need to do. Without the skin and bones there wouldn't be a sufficient amount of protection to allow the body to do what it needs to like think, breath, and keep everything alive. The skin keeps things out like disease, UV radiation, and a ton of other harmful things and protects against major damages, while the bones make a casing for lungs, heart, brain, and other organs so that your body is able to protect itself from day to day bumps, bruises, and situations that it can find itself in. In both cases the body is able to continue to function even after most accidents (if not too serious) happen because the bones and skin help to increase the durability of the body. In the skin the process to synthesize Vitamin D begins which is then used for mineralization in the bones, especially Calcium which is where the body stores calcium until it is needed. Also the body is constantly using energy to move, and do everything that you do every day. In both skin in the Hypodermis, and bone in the Medullary Cavity there is fat. Which the body uses to store energy and and insulate the body to help regulate temperature. Also as I said before the skin is a barrier. This barrier also keeps in moisture. Bones are wet and the organs are wet and this is great because it helps keeps the body from drying out (which would cause you to die) . The Last thing is the body needs blood to live. You can NOT live without blood. Blood forms (aka Hematopoesis) within the red marrow of certain bones. This blood is then transported to every living cell in the body. And it is not exclusively used like that to keep cell alive. Within the skin the blood is used to help regulate heat so that the body doesn't over heat or get too cold. In these ways and many more the Integumentary System and Skeletal System are physiologically related. 
http://www.faqs.org/health/Body-by-Design-V2/The-Skeletal-System-Design-parts-of-the-skeletal-system.html

Write-Away Friday: Performing with Misty

1. What tasks have you completed recently? 
 I had the opportunity of  performing with a group of local musicians and Misty Boyce.  She is truly a talented musician that performed with Sara Bareilles, Naked Brothers Band, and many musicians of that caliber.  It was such an honor to work with her, because as a student in high school it is not common to play with people who actually are renown musicians. It was interesting to see how pop musicians like her are not all that great at reading written music and symbols, but can just come up with a melody and play it on the spot.  At some points in the program I saw her improvising on stage. The audience probably couldn't tell but between each rehearsal some solo parts continually changed, but it was amazing how each time it sounded great and I couldn't decide which way I liked best. They were always equally fantastic. It was two performances that I had to play with her.The first was good, but the second one had a very different feeling from the audience and the musicians around me. I had the feeling of "we got this" that just made it fun and the confidence actually boosted by playing. 

2. What have you learned recently? Of course in order to play with Misty I had to learn the music. These past few months the Orchestra and I have been working tirelessly to tune our notes, but  also to learn the syncopated rhythm common in pop music. It took a lot of time but we pulled off a very successful concert.Oh and I also learned that famous people are real people too. I mean that seems obvious but its not until you know one that that becomes real to you   3. What are you planning on doing next?Next we have to learn the music for the Holiday concert. This time though it wont be as exciting for us as it will be for the eighth graders that will be eager to play with older "cool" kids. I think for this next concert I will focus on perfect pitches and a good bow technique in order to play my BEST!!!

http://lcps.k12.nm.us/2013/10/30/mayfield-orchestra-performs-oct-29-30/

System Update

The first portion of this Blog will focus primarily on Form and Function of the Skin. In this section though it is easier to look at the function of the skin and then how the form accounts for that.


1.  Protects deeper tissues from Mechanical Damage, Chemical Damage, Bacterial Damage, Thermal Damage, Ultra Violet(UV) radiation and Desiccation.

• The skin is made of the Epidermis and the Dermis. The form that allows for Protection is the Epidermis. The Keratinized Cells create a hydrophobic Barrier which keeps water inside of you so you don't dry out or (Desiccate), and a physical barrier against Bacteria.
• The Keratinized Cells die off and are on the outermost part of the skin, because of this the body is able to go about the day without being injured with every little bump that comes because the dead cells just fall off and don't have pain receptors. Also this is helpful for any sort of damage because if the injury is not too deep the cells will just continue to replace themselves like always. In this way it helps protect against Mechanical Damage, Chemical Damage, and Thermal Damage. 
• The Last protection comes from the Melanocytes in the Epidermis that helps protect against UV by reflecting it, instead of letting it in. Melanin responsible for doing this.

2. Aids in Heat regulation.

• When your body is too cold then it needs to let less heat escape. The way it does this is by vasoconstriction and the Arrector Pilli Muscle contracts, which causes the hair to stand up and the muscle to produce heat. Vasoconstriction is when the capillaries move the blood deeper in the skin so that less heat escapes. These both are actions in the skin that aid in heat regulation.
• Also when your body is too hot then it need to let the heat escape so that it can cool. It does this through sweating and Vasodilation. Sweat glands release sweat to the skin. The sweat evaporates and takes some of the heat of the surface away with it. If Vasoconstriction takes the capillaries down to keep heat, then Vasodilation brings it to the surface to let heat escape. This is also why when people are hot they tend to turn a reddish color.

These are just a few of the functions of the skin it also synthesizes Vitamin D and uses the glands to Excrete.. What is very important is how Physiology has a role in homeostasis. The Physiology shows how the skin creates a barrier that protects and how it is able to maintain a normal temperature. This is all important because it is what keeps the skin doing its job so that your body won't get sick, dry out, or get too hot etc.. If the skin was unable to perform its functions because the form or the how wasn't there, then the body would die, or be subject to disease more often. The Body would be unable to maintain a constant temperature and would die from hypothermia or heat stroke. It also couldn't keep water in as easily and the body would dry out. It also wouldn't be able to produce Melanin and would be more likely to get Cancer. Also you would be more susceptible to disease because there wouldn't be a good barrier.  Homeostasis is maintained because the body works in a way that allows functions to be executed in a very efficient manner.
 
 http://hapiland.net/1267/free-online-test-structure-of-the-skin/

Write-Away Friday: Woodlawn Bus Tragedy

This week I had and have (I have performed but there are still performances tonight) the opportunity to experience and share an experience from the past. This was an accident that occurred on a bridge near Fort Sumner in 1972 the day after Christmas. There was two buses traveling from Texas to New Mexico. The first bus passed a tractor trailer and did fine. The second bus however was hit. " In the flash, Roberts (the driver of the first bus) witnessed the behemoth cattle truck and the trailing bus crash with such ferocity that the collision ripped the bus frame from its body." Nineteen people killed and sixteen of them where teenagers. I wasn't there and I don't quite think my words could even compare to that of the people who where there. The article describes the words of the victims of this accident in a way that clearly says more than I ever could.

"Survivors describe the outlines of terrifying, heart-wrenching scenes — the cries for help, the heroic, frantic efforts to comfort and tend to the injured, the limp and lifeless bodies tangled in the heap. The collision sent luggage hurtling from the back of the bus and wrenched seats loose from the floor moorings, pinning the victims.
“You knew friends were dying,” Wesson said."

This next portion of the blog is my part in Ghosts of the Past. Although I did the research in the character and added ideas to the script,  it was actually written by Megan Rupp.

 

 

 

WOODLAWN BUS TRAGEDY SCRIPT ~ LAURA COGGINS

October 2013

 

(Laura is laying on the ground partially covered by a jacket. She is dazed.)
Do you know where the bus is? I can’t find it. I should be on the bus…
I can’t believe I ruined my new dress! I just got it yesterday. It was a Christmas present. Mom only let me wear it on the trip, because I promised I wouldn’t get it ruined. Why do I always mess things up?
I can’t find the bus…
(suddenly very aware.) That’s right. I forgot. The bus is gone. There was a flash of sparks. They looked like Christmas Lights. Then there was a loud crunching sound and my head… it hurt. There was glass. It was broken. The seat was bent. I couldn’t get out! I couldn’t get out! (frantic, grabbing at stomach) Help! Help! It hurts… It hurts… (suddenly calm)
Mom’ll be mad that I ruined my new dress. How could I do that? Now I’ll never wear it to Friday Great Hall… and I was gonna finally get Jimmy to notice me… It’s not fair.
My stomach hurts. It hurts. It hurts. It hurts! (crying) Why does it hurt? WHY? Where is the bus? I should be on the bus…
We’re going to the Bible Retreat. We’re gonna ski…and have fun…We were singing…

(singing, haltingly)

Lean on me, when you’re not strong.
And I’ll be your friend.
I’ll help you carry on.
For it won’t be long…

‘Til I’m gonna need somebody…
… to lean on.

(Laura’s eyes close and her head falls.)

 

I know history is important and that it is stories of life-changing experiences. I think remembering the past helps to honor those that have had these sorts of tragedies. As well as the bravery of those who were there helping the ones that were injured or didn't survive. So far I think my performances have captivated the audience and I have share these peoples lives with those who have come to see. I plan to also do a spectacular performance tonight to show that those people matter.

http://www.statesman.com/news/news/local/40-years-after-woodlawn-bus-tragedy-survivors-reca/nTfg4/

Write-Away Friday Ballroom Dance

1. What tasks have you completed recently?
  2. What have you learned recently? 
3. What are you planning on doing next?
I am super excited because I have started a dance class (that is more like a club) at NMSU and I am learning ballroom dance. Two weeks ago I learned the Country two step. This past week I didn't attend but I want to continue to go in the future.  I absolutely love it. I also went the next day to another dance class like this one but I missed the class portion due to other commitments and I just did the social dance after. Throughout the night I learned a little bit about a lot of dances. I did west coast swing, waltz, and a whole bunch I can't remember the name of. What was the best though was following the leads that knew how to dance. I got to do things like dips, spins, and countless other moves. I will continue to go and instead of following pathetically I will know what I am doing as I go more and more. Oh and another thing that I learned through this experience is that when you dance and "step on the other persons toes" or mess up don't say sorry. All most all of the people I danced with told me to act like I meant to do it. ( I was very bad at this).
http://inav.net/dance/ponderos.html
  

Write-Away Friday

1. What tasks have you completed recently?  
This year starting on August 11 I decided I was going to read the entire Book of Mormon again and I was going to finish it by my 17 birthday. I gave myself 52 days to complete this 500+ page book. If you can do math then you know that is about 10 pages per night. Well lets just say I procrastinated slightly and found myself reading about 20 pages for the last week in order to complete my goal.. I am proud to say that I did complete it by my Birthday, but I also learned a few things about goal making.
2. What have you learned recently? 
There is a S.M.A.R.T way to make a goal. 
Specific
Measurable
Attainable
Realistic
Timely
I had a specific goal. It was measurable, Attainable, Realistic, and Timely, but I realized that I needed to put more energy into my goal to get it done. So with this goal I learned that just because you can do it, doesn't mean you will do it. So I learned with a goal the Best advice to have once you get a good goal is to DO IT!!! And not procrastinate. 

3. What are you planning on doing next?
Well This year in my seminary class (church class) we are studying the Book of Mormon. I have decided that I am going to read it again by the end of the school year, but I will try to study it more and make goals from it to improve my life. 

http://meridian6yw.blogspot.com/2012/07/book-of-mormon-challenge-reminder.html

Tissues and Silk.

The components that are essential for learning about tissues are their form and function. When thinking about tissues, it should be clear that tissues are an union of similar cells that perform a distinct function. This can be related to the material silk. Silk is a combination of just water and protein. It looks a white, kind like wool and this threadlike material has certain properties.  In the TED video by Flo Omenetto, he explains some of the qualities of silk. Silk can dissolve, but it also can be stable for years,  it’s edible, and it can be implanted in the human body. Using silk they were able to make many things from cups, to medicine holders, and even bones, all because they utilized the properties of silk by arranging the components in a different way. Or highlighting certain components of silk. In a like manner all the tissues share similar aspects but, by utilizing certain qualities of cells and other non-living aspects they become multi-functional for different jobs based on their form.  So in the way that silk can perform different functions like a cup, bone, or clear film based on how they look microscopically. Cells in our body can perform different functions like protection, secretion, absorption, and binding. The only difference of course is that the cell that make up tissue won't change between types. For example, skin tissue won't ever suddenly become lung tissue. But the cup in silk could be rearrange and recycled into another material because it doesn't have DNA to tell it what to be. Silk is also very special because it can be implanted in the body and won't need to be retrieved. In this way silk is able of coop with the body and maintain a stable environment, that won't need to be changed once desired result occurs. It may normally fluctuate within the body but unlike some treatment that needs replacing. This material, once in can remain there and be OK. So not only does it show the correlation between form and function. Its parts ( like a bone made out of this material can maintain a stable environment within the body.)   
http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-silk.htm#
http://www.tufts.edu/home/feature/?p=optics

Write-Away Friday

Yet again this post is the same as the one for my Chemistry Blog.  Please click here to view it. I hope you enjoy!

A Three Year Goal!!!!

This year I had the opportunity to go to Bonita Park near Ruidoso with the Mayfield Orchestra for the third time. When I heard that they had a 65' tower rock wall, I immediately set a goal to climb it to the top. Every year for three years I have gotten sick while we were there. The funny thing is we have gone each year during different seasons in the year and the sicknesses have had different symptoms as well. The timing was always just perfect for me to get sick. So this year on Friday I felt really sick, and I stayed in bed and tried to get better. Around ten Mrs. DaSilva, who was a chaperon, came to check on me and told me that my group was at the zip-line/ rock wall. I had missed the chance to do it for the past two years, but I still wasn't feeling well and so I went back to sleep and Mrs. DaSilva left. Not too long after that I decided that no matter what I was going to go climb that wall. So I got ready for the day and met up with my group down at the rock wall area. I immediately was on the rock wall and climbing. It seemed too easy at first and I was climbing really fast. I was so close to the top, when I slipped and fell. The lady holding on to the rope caught me and didn't let me fall far. I was out of breath and my hands were tired. I still didn't feel well,but I knew I had to make it to the top. From below I heard my team encouraging me and I knew coming down without reaching the top was not an option. I kept screaming to the lady holding the rope "Just don't let me go! Just don't let me go!" over and over again. Then I looked over and there was a guy on the side of the wall looking over from the zip-line platform. He also gave me encouragement, especially because I kept falling at the same points on the wall. He said something that stuck in my head. He told me the next four hand holds I should do and then he said "Just grab those four and that's all you have to do." So I did it!!   made it to the top and I rang the cowbell to show I had done it. But what I realized from those simple words "and that all you have to do" is that as we are going along in life, we reach points where we get stuck and we fall countless times. But when we have a plan to get through them, and we make the challenge seem possible, eventually we can make our goal. And it doesn't matter whether we do it the first time, or it takes us multiple times. If we try our best that is all we can ask of ourselves. This year in my life, I feel like I am taking on a rock wall challenge metaphorically. I know that somethings will be easy, but other things will be hard and I will fall. I know that when I fall and things seem too hard for me, that I can endure through it. I am especially not looking forward to catching up from the days I missed, but when I do my best, like I did on the rock wall, then I can be proud of all things that are accomplished. I plan on enduring to the end no matter what challenges arise!

  http://www.bonitapark.com/activities.html   

A Passion For A Pretty Project

Hey guys! For this first post I am writing the exact same thing I put on my Chemistry Blog. So I thought I would copy and paste it, but then I realized I could just put the link below and you can go check out the Post on my Chemistry Blog for yourself. Here it is, Good Luck!!
http://sweetpea1096.wordpress.com/